How would you handle Potent in the Archeotech table with a Landing Bay that is a weapon system but has no damage that the +4 damage could go to? Would this then translate to +4 strength value?

No. That would be way too powerful. I would suggest taking one of the other Archeotech options instead.

What is this "potent"? Where can I find it?

Table 2-31 Miracle of the Dark Age and the description is on pg 87 Stars of Inequity. Maybe the best bang for your buck for Landing Bays might be Compact or Incalcuable Precision. If one rolls Potent on it.

Thanks. I don't have this book (yet)