When an attack misses?

By LEGA, in Descent: Journeys in the Dark

Wildlander 's ability Black Arrow: [Action]: Perform an attack with a Bow . This attack gains +2 range. If you deal less than 3 [damage] (after rolling defense dice), deal 3 [damage] instead (unless this attack misses).

When attack misses? 1) Miss icon on blue attack dice; 2) No enough range; 3) Defense exceeds or equal to damage on dice. Does 3) considered as miss? Or this ability always deals at least 3 damage if there is enough range and no miss icon on attack dice?

Rolling an X or not enough range will cause the attack to miss. Failing to deal damage isn't a miss.

As I thought, but want to be sure.

Thanks Dam!