There has always been something that has bugged me about the setting, something that seems to have carried over from AEG to FFG. It is a logical inconsistency between writing the empire as an eternally stable place, yet also wanting to take from the real life Japanese feudal society elements that arose purely because of the chaotic state of affairs.
The first issue is Ronin.
Now, what is a Ronin by definition? It is a samurai who has no master. During the Sengoku period, it is likely we would apply it to someone who somehow got their hands on a serious weapon (bow, spear, sword, etc.) and armor, but doesn't work for any particular Warlord and maybe instead acts as a mercenary, hiring themselves out to whomever is willing to pay them. Now, this would arise in a number of ways
1) They did previously work for a Daimyo, but their side lost a war, the Daimyo was killed or deposed and the victorious army had no interest in hiring them.
2) Their Daimyo ran out of rice to pay them with, either through mismanagement or through famine or through enemy action. Regardless, they couldn't afford to continue to pay all their soldiers and had to let some go.
3) The person was a peasant who got ahold of the armor and weapons through some means and simply gave themself a new name. Yes, this was perfectly fine during the Sengoku period, it wasn't even unusual. One could be a farmer who decided to go follow a Warlord around and rise from being the guy who carried his shoes to one of his top generals to inheriting his entire empire should he die without heirs. The class restriction didn't exist until the Edo period.
4) They were a complete embarrassment and failure, not to the point of getting executed (and some of these notable samurai would behead their own family over nothing more than simply avoiding future inheritance disputes, yes-- even killing children if they figured the child
might
just grow up to want revenge), but instead would exile them and risk them working for an enemy down the line.
Now, by the later Edo period when peasant family lines were required to eternally be peasant family lines and soldier family lines were required to eternally be soldier family lines and all the wars of Daimyo trying to wipe each other out were brought to a close, it was only #2 and#4 that were happening. In fact, it wasn't even until this period that the concept of Ronin really began to solidify, because now-- if one was born a samurai, they couldn't just be a farmer or hunter or craftsman or trader like they could during the Sengoku period. Everyone's role in society was decided by birth, and if your job was to be a soldier and yet there was no one willing to pay you to be a solider, you were doomed to slow starvation. You could sell off your gear, maybe everything but your sword, and that might give you enough to last you a while.. but pretty much you were just doomed. You certainly couldn't afford to get married and have children and such-- you would be condemning any male children in particular to death unless you could get them adopted.
And that whole "they would keep their sword last"-- yeah, that is where the whole misconception of holy reverence for swords that is so fundamental in Rokugan came from. It wasn't that the swords were the most valuable piece of property or the greatest status symbol-- that would have been the horse. And, yes, every worthwhile samurai had a horse and knew how to ride it, it wasn't exclusive to some group of half-Mongollian outsiders who somehow all have one. The thing is, the horse also cost the most to keep, so that would often be the first thing to be sold off when a samurai landed on hard luck. And then would go the armor and all the actual serious war weapons because they were too much trouble to transport around, plus there were no more wars. So, in the end, all they had was their cheap, easily transported sidearm-- their katana. And that's why it became the symbol of "my family used to be samurai".
Now, Rokugan-- the land is far too stable. No Great Clan (which is all that was established during the time when a random peasant could become part of the samurai class) has ever been destroyed or gone bankrupt. No original clan has ever disappeared, period. So no ronin would ever have been created through the most common methods. Also, we are to believe that the Edo period restrictions on social class are not only currently in place, but always have been-- so the idea that these "Ronin" are just simple peasants who obtained weapons and decided to go parading around as samurai in hopes someone would hire them... that seems unlikely given that there are only 30 or so legitimate names in the empire, it is extraordinarily unlikely that people are being adopted into clans.
That means that the only possible source for Ronin would be people being monumental screw ups that get exiled, but somehow don't screw up enough to get executed. But this doesn't seem likely to happen very frequently-- afterall, any given clan has only about 4 families, so exiling your own family members doesn't seem like it is going to happen often enough for their to be a pool of thousands of ronin. Especially given that within Rokugan, there doesn't seem to be any method through which these ronin would feed themselves since there aren't a ton of minor factions or wealthy merchants for which they could do mercenary work.
Things get even more complicated given how the term "Ronin" has been abused in the setting and applied to things that are absolutely not in any way ronin. I am talking about the "Ronin Families"-- a pure load of nonsense. If the Emperor or a vassal of the Emperor says "I need a neutral party to oversee this city, so I am promoting you merchants to governor", then one is absolutely NOT a "Ronin". They have been assigned an actual governorship of an actual place, that would give them a more legitimate claim to the concept of "Minor Clan" than quite a lot of "Minor Clans" do. But, really, what they would be in such a case would be Imperial vassals. They absolutely would not be categorized with people who got exiled from one of the Great Clans and now have no official duty or job or legitimate method through which they could feed themselves. The same goes if you are so good at crafting blades that your family is granted a promotion and made the official Imperial smiths or if you saved the Emperor's child and are now made the official watchmen of a district of the Imperial City. Those are all legitimate stations for which one is getting paid through legitimate means by legitimate sources in the empire. In fact, they are all perfect examples of exactly what a Vassal really is and not the wonky way in which it was misused later. They aren't part of your family, but they work as servants answering to your family. Those are NOT "Ronin". And it makes no sense whatsoever for Rokugani society to refer to them as such. It is like calling the live-in nanny, maid and butler of the mayor "homeless people" because they nor their parents own or rent the house that they live in. "Ronin" does not mean "neutral", it means "unemployed" and given that it's use is still derogatory within Rokugan, it cannot have been redefined to be "neutral to the Great Clans, employed directly by the Imperials."
But what these do represent, however, is people who were previously "peasants" now being elevated to the level of "samurai". And we are given to understand that the Emperor has the option to do this. Which isn't too unusual, because as Rokugan was first forming, every family that doesn't carry a kami's name (and some of them that do) never did have the blood of one of the Kami. They were just originally folk like any other folk who did some favors for Kami and thus got named as special. And then that person's whole tribe, or literally everyone they felt like adding to their organization, became part of their family regardless of whether they were actually related or not. At that point there was no distinction between "peasant" and "samurai", so there was no issue. The "samurai", the "nobility" ended up being whomever got adopted into one of these families by the time the empire fully formed and the class mobility restrictions were put into place. So that's why and how the initial families got to be so very large. In fact, even beyond those carrying a Kami's name, some of the families in the empire are absolutely not at all related to the person whose name they carry because that person died without having any children.
But what about after the restriction gets put in place?
Okay, so if the Emperor decides that he likes the sword that was made for him so much that the guy who made it and all of his children and all of his apprentices and maybe anyone else he decides to include are now the "Tsi family", or the guy who saved his son and his 100 underlings and all their wives and children are now the "Yotsu" family, or that group of merchants who just delivered a big bribe to him to buy governorship of that city and all of their underlings and wives and children are now the "Kaeru" family. That is all good and fine, 6/7ths, if not more, of Rokugan are peasants. If a bunch of peasants are offered the ability to raise their social rank, naturally they would be all for it. Of course, even in these cases, the final family isn't really going to number more than a few dozen, maybe a couple hundred in the case of Yotsu.
But... what happens when the Emperor decides to award a new family name to someone who is already a samurai? "Hey, Komori! You are now the Bat Clan!" What exactly happens in a case like this? It seems like these samurai often wouldn't have anyone under them. There is no good reason their relatives would be at all willing to stop being "Phoenix Clan" and start being "Bat Clan", so it isn't like he is going to be recruiting all his brothers and cousins and uncles to his new Clan. But like the very next week, there are thousands of them and they have a fully fleshed-out, unique school that is just as powerful as any Great Clan school.
This can't be adopting a bunch of Ronin because, as I explained above, Ronin are already massively overrepresented in the setting because the very circumstances that created 99% of the Ronin that ever existed in Japan absolutely do not exist in Rokugan given that the setting insisted that there were only 7 clans and for 1000 years there were only ever 7 clans and that number never fluctuated and no daimyo ever rose or fell. So if someone is granted a new unique family name by the emperor, are they then allowed to promote all their favorite ashigaru and servants and merchants to the rank of nobility by adopting them all? Is there a particular grace period in which they are allowed to do that or can they just do that going forward?...
Oh, as an aside-- how did this play out in real Japan? Well-- funny thing that-- people were free to just rename themselves whenever they wanted. They could just give themselves whatever new name they felt like, whenever they felt like doing so. In fact, often the same individuals would go by several names during the course of their lives. Now-- if one's relatives were particularly powerful or famous, it is very likely that one wouldn't particularly want to change their name. Also, if one had accomplished a number of impressive feats or participated in important events under one name, they might not want to change it again. However, if one was on the outs with one's family or one's family were peasants or one had really screwed up under their old name or their family had mostly been killed or disgraced or deposed... yeah, one could just go by a new name for no reason other than they just felt like doing so. All they needed to do was just start introducing themselves by and using the new name. Also, if you were the child or possibly other relative to someone with great status who changed their name, you generally went along with it and changed your name too.
So new family names were being made up all the time. There were even cases where two entirely unrelated groups reached considerable fame using the same name, possibly entirely by accident and sometimes with the later simply showing reverence to the former. And there were times when two people would go to war simply because they had both picked the same name and needed to fight to decide who was more deserving of it.
That within Rokugan either the Emperor (or one who speaks on his behalf) or one of the Daimyo has to be the one to grant the family name kind of cleans up this whole system.
And, if a newly named family by the Emperor, a "minor clan" is allowed to just elevate everyone they want from the lower society ranks to being part of their family, why would this be a right granted exclusively to Minor Clan samurai and forbidden to Great Clan samurai? Surely if a minor clan can inflate its ranks by just granting samurai status to whomever they want, then the Great Clans would certainly want the right to do the same, particularly if they lose a lot of members to warfare or tragedy.
In fact, this would allow continuation of the use of "vassal families". Only the previous use of the term was wildly inappropriate. Somehow most of the origins of "vassal family" were that someone within one of the typical Great Clan families accomplished some great feat or specialized in something interesting, so they were rewarded... by demotion for them and all their relatives. Because vassal means "servant", and this isn't some Japanese word that you can just bend over and redefine however you like because you haven't any respect for the language and it was a gray area to begin with. If they were a vassal, they work for you and are going to be of lower status than your own family. Vassals within Great Clans would almost certainly be Ashigaru or merchants or craftsman or others who showed great service and sacrifice and were thus honored by being made quasi-samurai. It could also be exiles from other clans who ended up siding with them or ronin who showed great service and thus were given a place in the clan, but not as full members.
While this would solve the issue, it creates another pretty big problem-- no longer does the story of Taka and his Monkey Clan make the least bit of sense. The stories were written to imply that him simply obtaining weapons and armor and passing himself off as a samurai was somehow extraordinarily rare, if not a unique circumstance. But examination of the setting indicates that probably quite a lot of the ronin are just ashigaru and the only explanation for how every time a new family gets named, they are immediately as numerous as the fleas on a dogs back even though it was only 1 guy who was granted the name. And even a peasant rising up to become a minor clan wouldn't necessarily be a unique incident at all. (Is there any good indication that the Boar clan wasn't exactly that? Since when do samurai engage in mining activities or fail for a generation to report into their superiors?!)
What this would mean is that as far as samurai ranks go, it would look more like this than how it has been presented before.
10. The Emperor
- Obviously just the Hantei line, and even then it is only 1 person from each generation. The Emperor usually takes a consort, so if one can marry the Emperor, their child can hold this role.
9. Emperor's Immediate Family/Highest Imperial Offices
- This is the rank for the Champions and Shogun (if that is still a thing) as well as the Empress. They are basically free to do whatever they want until the Emperor tells them otherwise. One pretty much needs to do something pretty amazing to end up here (except the prince/princess who is born into it) and even then, it is unlikely anyone who isn't a top Great Clan or Imperial member is even going to be given the opportunity to try.
8. Great Clan Leaders & Imperial Family Elite
- Again, this is going to be passed down through the most pure bloodlines and one can't really aspire to this. You can marry them if you are no more than a couple stations down, but you aren't going to achieve this rank through marriage.
7. Great Clan with Imperial Offices or Governorship & Typical Imperial Family members
- These guys have high station and important roles in the functioning of the empire. It is possible for regular samurai to achieve this rank through hard work/promotion.
6. Minor Clan Leaders
- They have actual land governorship, but small ones and aren't generally part of the main political workings. This would be granted to someone who doesn't have strong ties to any clan or sets themselves up somewhere no one else wants to lay claim to. Almost certainly going to come from someone who is already a samurai, or at least be able to claim they are.
5. Typical Great Clan Samurai & Low Rank Imperials
- These are the ones who don't have any land claims, beyond maybe their own households, but work for those who do. This would be seen as the "average" samurai rank and one still kind of needs to be born into this rank to hold it. This is what people are typically playing when they make an RPG character and such. Someone from the next few lower stations could marry in.
4. Imperial Vassal Families
- These would be peasants who did particularly great work for the Emperor or someone close to him. It can be regularly acknowledged that they were peasants or merchants or craftsmen before they got a promotion and a name. They have no land claims, but would have a specific job that they do mainly for the Imperials, but possibly for high ranking Great Clan samurai-- they just aren't tied to any clan in particular. A peasant can be promoted to this rank, but only if they somehow both encounter and do a great deed for the Emperor and his immediate family or the Empire as a whole-- something that happens less than once a century. Also, they would probably marry peasants into these families and try to marry their own children out of them.
4. Low Rank Great Clan Samurai & Minor Clan Samurai
- No land ranks, no real influence. They are probably kept really busy with mundane tasks, even doing things that would be considered "below" most samurai station. When a Minor Clan very first forms, it is possible non-samurai can become Minor Clan samurai, but they will need to have had a strong relationship with a hero who was granted his own Minor Clan. It might also be possible for non-samurai to marry into these ranks as no one from higher ranks will want to marry down into this rank.
3. Great Clan Vassal Families
- They were granted their family name for a Great Clan and were either ronin or non-samurai before then. No land claim, can hardly even expect acknowledgement outside of their own clan. They likely have some narrow duty for their clan and get treated marginally better than standard ashigaru. This is going to be a peasant so exceeding expected duty it likely only happens once a century. It is likely that they just marry or adopt peasants at this point as no one would marry down into these families.
2. Minor Clan Vassal Families
- Same as Great Clan vassals above, but their deeds were for some Minor Clan leader. An average rank samurai is likely not going to treat them any better than a ronin or ashigaru. This is likely only going to happen if someone shows great service well after the Minor Clan establishes itself, because otherwise why wouldn't they just marry the person into their clan as a full member? It is likely that they just marry or adopt peasants at this point as no one would marry down into these families.
1. Ronin
- Former samurai who did something so shameful that they were exiled or were from a Minor Clan that got wiped out yet survived it or, most likely, just Ashigaru with weapons who are claiming some heritage they probably don't have. They are going to serve as mercenaries, probably mostly for merchants unless a clan is really pressed for troops. Plenty others are just going to become bandits. But if Rokugan is functioning as well as it claims to be, anyone stuck in this purgatory is likely going to starve to death.
This would mean that rather than the edo era hard divisions between social classes, social advancement is possible, mostly through military service. And for Rokugan to have lasted so long, this would almost certainly have to be the case. The real life government that imposed the social structure that Rokugan intended to emulate rotted away within 200 years with the samurai having almost nothing left but the clothes on their back and their side-arm and the merchants and entertainers effectively running the society despite being the "lowest" social tier.
Of course, social mobility even under this system would still be unusual. Unless someone accomplishes something pretty historic and way beyond their station in life, they themselves are not going to advance. However, they could marry their children off to higher ranks generation by generation. So social ladder climbing would still be possible, it would just generally be a generational thing where you first marry into the grayish tier of the vassal families and then try to marry up to being a full fledged member.