How is Imperial Favor counted when a player has no presence? What about only bowed figures?

Example A:
Lion Lisa is attacking Crab Carl.
Lisa has the relevant Imperial Favor.
Carl has no defenders. Lisa has no attackers (they've all been bowed or sent home).
Who wins?

Example B:
Lion Lisa is attacking Crab Carl.
Lisa has the relevant Imperial Favor.
Carl has a 1 Force character unbowed. Lisa's has one attacker but they are bowed.
Who wins?

Example C:
Lion Lisa is attacking Crab Carl.
Lisa has the relevant Imperial Favor.
Carl has a 1 Force character unbowed. Lisa's has no attackers (they've all been bowed or sent home).
Who wins?

Example D:
Lion Lisa is attacking Crab Carl.
Lisa has the relevant Imperial Favor.
Carl has no defenders. Lisa has one attacker but they are bowed.
Who wins?

You must have a character in the conflict to get the benefit of the Imperial Favor. It doesn’t matter if the character is bowed, only that he is in the conflict and it is the right conflict type for the favor.

A: Depends on if Lisa’s characters were bowed or sent home.

B: Lisa. Ties above 0 go to the attacker.

C: see A above.

D: Lisa.

Thanks!

One very very important note:

Bowed characters are still considered participating (Still an attacker or defender)

Sent home characters are not.

As long as you have someone participating, you get the bonus from the favor.

To add to the conversation...

There is no more Force. Everything is "Skill" now.

Presence is now defined as a participating character. And...presence (from AEG L5R) is a thing of the past. All that matters for targeting is the cards text (don't need a participating defender, for instance, to play actions). Participation is used for the total skill count to determine who wins combat and if the province breaks.