Can you preform a slam that will cause you to bump? Can you preform a slam that will put you on an obstacle?

Yes to both. Since SLAM is a maneuver, all usual caveats apply, including overlapping ships, obstacles, and even fleeing the battlefield.

Also look at the Advanced SLAM modification, which wouldn't need to specify "After performing a SLAM action, if you did not overlap an obstacle or another ship" if you couldn't do that.