It’s been nearly a year since the Force Awakens came out, and the state of the galaxy —the politics, the governments, the ideologies—still seem like complete nonsense.
After doing a bit of research, this is what I surmised.
Post-Endor, there is 1, possibly 2, superpowers in the Galaxy.
The New Republic
They won the Galactic Civil War, but they lost Leia. They control a good portion of the Galaxy. How much? Not too sure. But there’s lots of map talk in Force Awakens.
First Order
A bunch of Moffs got their Imperial remnants together to form a more perfect union. Do they actually own swaths of the galaxy? Not too sure. Are they as a big as the New Republic? Not too sure. Do they have a peace treaty with the New Republic? Yes.
The Resistance
Sounds like these are state-sponsored guerillas. They fight the First Order. Are they located within the borders of the First Order? Or are they headquartered within the boundaries of the New Republic or neutral space and then strike at the First Order. Does it matter? Why yes, it does. If the New Republic is housing known enemies of the legitimate, recognized government of the First Order, that is illegal and probably breaks the treaty.
Who’s the bad guy here?
Are both the New Republic and First Order, sovereign and legal states? They both recognize each other’s government, since they have at treaty, so it seems to be the case. Does the First Order own star systems? If so, are the citizens happy to be under the First Order flag? Has the First Order been encroaching on the New Republic’s borders? From what it seems, the First Order likes building lots of toys and even a weapon of mass destruction. But they weren’t allowed to build was a Star Destroyer. Have they been attacking the New Republic?
And what about the New Republic? One of their biggest leaders, Leia, created the Resistance and is sponsored by the New Republic to fight First Order. That is certainly an act of war. Is the First Order out of line by using Starkiller Base? Seems the New Republic struck first.