Say you have an Aggressor, it is stressed, you flip up your dial, it is a red maneuver, oops, can you pop inertial dampeners to prevent handing over your dial to your opponent?

You're not trying to sneak a red maneuver while stressed and hope you don't get caught, but if you do, claim Dampeners I hope?

Yup, you can do this. Dampeners are chosen to activate when you reveal, it just happens that you're revealing a move that if uncancelled will be illegal.