Having an entire chapter based in this region almost seems unrealistic.
Why is that? Lots of chapters are ancient organisations that dates back from millenia. Askellon wasn't necessarily THAT backwater then. They could also have been organised there because the Imperium thought there would be a lot more expansion in the region, and then, it was forgotten or the project of expanding the Imperium in this region stopped, leaving a Space Marine chapter homebased there.
Anyway, it's not as if Space Marines hadn't the means to go fight elsewhere if needs be.
You could always have a fleet based chapter (Carcharodon astra, Black Templars) coming trough the sector on a (penitent) crusade (Lamenters, Mantis warriors)