So the Docked shuttle allows you to fire a turret, but then not make another attack. The TLT does count as two attacks, so if you had a TLT with a docked shuttle you could only make one TLT shot, is that correct?

Correct.

Correct, you could make a single TLT attack as the bonus attack.

You could also have made a regular, double TLT attack as your regular attack.