Honour Is Stronger Than Steel.
It's one of the first lines people new to L5R usually hear, and is, I think, one of the reasons for its attraction. It's not just that you get to be a magical samurai, and magical samurai are cool; it's that the moral code of the setting actually has meaning. Not only are the Heavens incontestably real, but Bushido itself can lend its strength to those who follow it, giving them the power to overcome impossible odds, and even push back against Jigoku (Matsu Domotai, Ikoma Tsanuri, Okura no Oni, etc).
Unfortunately, this is rarely represented well in the RPG mechanics. The Honour Table is arbitrary and flawed, a purely numerical scale encourages a view of Honour as just another character stat (not helped by things like the
Ikoma Lion's Shadow
school, which actively trade Honour for mechanical advantage), the benefits provided by Honour create deeply weird effects (Doji Courtiers being unafraid of Oni), Honour Rolls are either too powerful or irrelevant, Lore: Bushido rolls have a weirdly high TN, and the different perspectives on Bushido in each Clan are entirely unrepresented. In short, Honour needs to be fixed.
I have said before, and will say again, that I am not an expert on mechanics, and if someone else has a better idea, I'm all for it. As an initial stab at an idea, though, and food for thought, here we go:
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Guiding Principles:
1) There should be some active benefit for being honourable.
2) There should always be some temptation not to be honourable.
3) Honour is simultaneously objective (it was defined by Akodo, and is therefore incontestable) and subjective (everyone has a different idea of what it means to be honourable).
4) Honour is multi-faceted, and a samurai ought to exemplify all of its aspects, not just one or two.
5) The more honourable you are, the higher the bar is set.
My initial preference would be not to track Honour at all, to rework every mechanic that references Honour to something else appropriate, and let the GM give bonuses to rolls as appropriate. That, however, is heavily GM-dependent, and generally creates a whole lot of other issues, so is best avoided.
With that in mind, the first step is to break Bushido down into its component Virtue: Compassion, Courage, Courtesy, Duty, Honesty, Honour, and Sincerity. Honour is distinct from the others, as it concerns itself with an internal sense of integrity, rather than obligations to other people. Rather than penalties and bonuses from actions being applied to one's "Honour Rank" directly, therefore, they would be applied to the relevant Virtue. This immediately makes it easier to resolve apparent contradictions: falsely claiming to have committed some indiscretion in order to cover for your lord would prompt a loss in Honesty, but a gain in Duty.
I will not attempt to provide a comprehensive list of actions that might prompt gains/losses, but dividing the Tenets up should make it fairly self-evident whether an action is good, or bad, and for which Virtues; and the principle of diminishing returns should prevail. The particulars of any such list are not nearly as important as reforming the system as a whole.
Honour is separate from the other six: your Honour is equal to the total of your ranks in your three lowest Virtues- Yoritomo Sumgai might be unsurpassed in Courage, but if he doesn't adhere to the code as a whole, his Honour will still be appropriately low. Honour Ranks are divided into tiers- x < 10, 10 < x < 20, and 20 < x (0 being the absolute minimum, and 30 being the maximum).
Any samurai can attempt to determine the Honour Rank (ie, tier) of any other samurai with a roll of Lore: Bushido/Awareness, at a TN of 15, and this roll would mostly be made automatically upon meeting a new samurai, along with Lore: Heraldry. Further details - precise Honour total, totals of particular Virtues, etc. - can be learned with Raises, but a roll over 15 will always reveal a samurai's Honour Rank, even if it fails due to Raises (note that this would not reveal which three Virtues were contributing to the Honour Rank). In many cases, the additional information will be of more interest to an interlocutor than the Honour Rank - a Scorpion lord, for instance, is unlikely to care particularly about the Honour Rank of the samurai under them, as long as they have strong Duty - but Honour Rank is always the first thing learned.
Each Virtue also provides benefits, irrespective of total Honour Rank:
Compassion: Bonus to rolls dealing with those of lower Status
Courage: Bonus to resisting Fear/Intimidation
Courtesy: Bonus to 'defensive' social rolls
Duty: Bonus to resisting penalties while in direct service to Lord/Clan
Honesty: Bonus to rolls to persuade (of facts)
Sincerity: Bonus to rolls to persuade (of suggestions)
(Here seems as good a place as any to note that, per Leadership , Sincerity means "acting in accordance with your words", not "sounding convincing" - the bonus to persuasion rolls stems from the interlocutor's implicit confidence that you are willing to put your money where your mouth is, so to speak, rather than from your manner of speaking.)
Honour itself provides no inherent benefit, except that anyone who matters will find out what level it's at with relative ease, and will act accordingly.
Again, I'm not going to suggest what kind or scale of bonus should be provided in each case, except that it should scale with the samurai's level of adherence to the Tenet.
HOWEVER
Every time a samurai incurs a loss in any Virtue, the samurai must make a Lore: Bushido/Void roll, against a TN of their own current Honour total (ie, harder for high-Honour people). With a success, the samurai loses the benefit associated with that Virtue for [a period of time appropriate to the severity of the loss, and the time-scale of the campaign], but suffers no other penalties. With a failure, the samurai loses all benefits provided by any of their Virtues for [appropriate time period]. In cases where an action incurs both a loss and a gain, success allows the samurai to retain all their bonuses, while failure means losing the benefit only of the Virtue(s) in which loss was incurred.
(I'm not wholly comfortable with using Void- it seems the most appropriate statistic to use, but only by default, and it does seem to give undue privilege to schools/builds that already use Void, which I'd rather avoid.)
Thus, those with high Honour receive a range of benefits appropriate to their own strengths, and are readily identified as exemplars for others to follow- but also have considerably more to lose from misconduct. A virtuous Matsu might be able to compensate to some extent for her inexperience in court by simple force of honour, but will always be more constrained in the range of available options, risks losing her 'protection' in a single misstep off the path of virtue, and is relatively easily manipulated. An unscrupulous Yasuki might not receive the same reflexive respect, but has a much wider range of options that can be taken with little/no penalty; a Shosuro might be seen (and treated) as scum by the majority of those he encounters, but be nigh-unstoppable in service to his Clan.
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I am aware that this doesn't address all the issues with Honour- in the absence of a full chart of gains and losses, application of gains and losses is going to be arbitrary, and the Tenets of Bushido are still tracked numerically, which I'd rather avoid, but can see no viable alternative to, if they're going to have any kind of defined effect. Still, hopefully it provides at least some food for thought. Ideas for improvement?