Below I offer a reasoned-cased for why Star Wars Armada squadron stands are indeed just three fighters. NOTE: This is meant to be a bit of good fun, of course, and everyone should enjoy whatever abstract interpretation of the game pieces that they find most enjoyable or reasonable.
In the Star Wars lore, we have varying perspectives on the composition of squadrons:
The movies almost universally refer to 'groups' anyways (Gold Group, Green Group, Red Group, etc. during the Battle of Endor). In military terms, 'groups' are much more fluid and ambiguous than squadrons, typically, and tend to designate assignments for a particular battle/mission. "Green Group" may have been one hundred fighters, for all we know, comprised from dozens of squadrons. On screen, also, it's clear that the "groups" are not uniform. We routinely see A-Wing/Y-Wings/X-Wings flying as wingmen, and multiple times after we see a non-X-Wing shoot down a TIE we hear Wedge say something like "Nice shot, Red 2!" Now, maybe we're just seeing the chaos of battle and Wedge's comment isn't meant as a response to what we just saw, but it's pretty clear that during filming the groups were organizations of multiple fighter types. We even hear Lando say "Red Group, Gold Group: all fighters follow me!" when the shield is taken down, and then we see a collection of A-Wings, X-Wings, and even a Y-Wing, accompany the Falcon fly into the Death Star's superstructure. We know Wedge is Red Group Leader, so it makes sense he responds and is present. Of course, non-movie sources have since flushed out all of the pilots in the run, and we know those A-Wings and Y-Wings belonged to Green Group and Gray Group respectively, so clearly Lando's on-screen command is retconned in order to establish a lore wherein squadrons are uniformly composed of the same ship types, generally speaking (presumably Lando's gold group was not a group of YT-series freighers). In the Battle of Yavin, we know there are "thirty enemy snubfighters" present, and the highest call sign we here during role is "Red 10" standing by. Some take this to mean Red Group and Gold Group each had fifteen fighters, other sources say that Red Group was twenty fighters and Gold Group was ten fighters.
Still other sources, like the X-Wing PC game, suggest that non-screen squadrons were also present at the Battle of Yavin (Blue Group) accounting for some of those thirty fighters. Speaking of the X-Wing PC games, missions very rarely featured a full squadron of fighters. Usually, each small-scale skirmish mission would feature just a few fighters, sometimes broken into two or three groups of just two ships each, but still each using the color labels as group identifiers.
In the X-Wing novels--probably the best EU source out there regarding squadron sizes, and based on the popular Rogue Squadron comic series--Rogue Squadron is twelve fighters, broken into three four-ship groups and each group features two wingmen pairs. Wraith Squardon is also composed the same way, and its reasonable to assume that most of the Rebel squadrons would use a similar structure. That being said, in a lot of the missions, only portions of Rogue Squadron are deployed, so you often don't have all twelve fighters present during an actual engagement, and when we do have the whole squad the flights and units are often acting independently on different tasks.
So, not much help there...which means it's up to each player to make a subjective decision on what sizes/sources/composition rules they like best for squadrons in Star Wars.
So here's why I like to think each stand actually does represent only three fighters in Armada, but of course to each their own:
(1) Hero-Pilots: We know that well-piloted snubfighters, even in very small groups, can have heroic effects in a Star Wars space battle. One group of three TIEs shot down two attack runs, and almost a third. One group of three X-Wings blew up the Death Star. A handful of Naboo fighters take on a fleet of droid fighters and bring down a command ship. A pair of A-Wings help knock out the Executor's bridge deflector shield generator. It's not unreasonable to assume that only three fighters can have a meaningful impact on the board.
(2) Scope: IF we were to assume that each stand = 1 squadron = "12-ish" fighters, THEN this would mean that the entirety of the Rebel Fleet at Endor had only five fighter-stands present (Gold Group, Red Group, Green Group, Gray Group, Blue Group). Which means any Armada battle where you have five (or more) squadrons present you're not fielding fighters in equal or greater volumes than the Rebel Fleet at Endor, and that is silly. If we assume each stand represents 3 fighters, and each group/squadron is at least 10+ fighters, then to properly represent the Rebel Fleet at Endor you'd need at least twenty fighter squardons in Armada, and that feels a lot more correct to me and means that Armada 400pt battles aren't going to very often approach Battle of Endor operation scale. It also means fleets with eight A-Wing Squadrons are fielding 24 fighters--or roughly two complete squadrons of A-Wings--instead of an incredible 100 or so fighters.
(3) Granularity: On screen, and in the books/comics, and in the video/PC games we always see small groups of fighters from each squadron or unit doing things largely independently. If I assume that my four X-Wing Armada stands represents twelve total fighters, or Rogue Squadron, it makes more sense to me. For one, regarding scope, I've got an X-Wing squadron helping my fleet, not four entire squadrons (which outstrips every battle in Star Wars lore except for the Battle of Endor). It also means, like the books/vid-games I can have elements from the squadron flying around. Maybe I keep them bunched up, or maybe I split them between tasks. Depends on the context. I can also have Wedge and Luke both present as members of the same squadron, instead of as separate squadrons. I like this because we know Wedge and Luke have always been in the same squadron--Red Squadron during Yavin and Rogue Squadron post-Yavin until Luke retires from dog-fighting and passes Rogue Squadron to Wedge).
(3a) Granularity (OFFENSE): I can't really see one stand in Armada being 12-ish ships and having such little impact against capital ships. We know small groupings of fighters can have big effects in battle. RotJ originally called for scenes with the B-Wings of Blue Squadron heavy-bombing Star Destroyers, and it's been established that Blue Squadron's bombing efforts crippled two star destroyers during the Battle of Endor. There's no way one stand of Armada fighters could even worry a Capital ship, let alone an ISD. At best, they land three damage with a perfect roll and the ship can shrug it off with a Repair action. But four stands of B-Wings could more conceivably bring down multiple capital ships, so again I prefer 1 Stand = 3 Fighters.
(3b) Granularity (DEFENSE): I like to imagine each time a stand is destroyed, three fighters have been vaporized or damaged beyond function. If I'm fielding four TIE Bombers (4x3 = 12, Full "squadron") then when one stand is destroyed my Omega Squadron is down to 75% strength. Then 50%...etc. It's not all or nothing. I also simply cannot imagine one YT-1300, YT-2400, or Firespray one-shotting about a dozen ships, but I can totally see them doing it to about three ships (indeed, we see Lando, with the help of his gunners Cracken and Blount, pop three TIE Interceptors in about a ten second window during the Battle of Endor. So, again, three fighters feels more accurate to me and allows for the R&V ships to each represent one freighter on their stand more readily.
(4) It Suits My Collection: Like many, I suspect, I bought two of each squadron pack. So, that gives four stands of all the fighter variants. If we assume each stand is three fighters, it's not like I've got one 12 fighter squadron of A-Wings, Y-Wings, B-Wings, TIE Bombers, etc. ready to be deployed if I want. Maybe I bring four X-Wings to my battle, and I imagine Rogue Squadron is flying all X-Wings. Or maybe I bring two X-Wings and two Y-Wings, and now I imagine half of the twelve man Rogue Squadron is flying X-Wings while half flies Y-Wings (we certainly see ship-switching assignments happen during the video games to suit the mission at hand).
(5) Small Numbers aren't a Problem: In many of the books and video-games, we see entire missions featuring just half a dozen fighters or less assigned to particular tasks during that engagement. It's not weird for me to imagine that, if I've only fielded two A-Wings, that there really are only six fighters there. In fact, that suits most of the skirmishes and engagements we see off screen, and even during the Battle of Hoth Rogue Squadron only fielded somewhere between 4-6 snowspeeders during the battle.
So, that's why I see Armada stands as three fighters. You certainly don't have to, though! ![]()