Once again - people looks to ignore me in this!
PDF have some rights IG haven't. They're allowed to have combined arms companies (Imperial Guard infantry company can't have it's own artillery or tanks, for example), and they are not obliged to be supervised by Commisariate.
Question is can and should PDF protect off-planet objects in their system?
But what you say is false. Imperial Guard has rules that stop it from being able to be autonomous in its star spanning mission.
The same applies to PDF automatically, since they can't wage war on a star-spanning level. So no, the PDF doesn't get more than the IG. And IG regiments are regularly combined to get what you call combined arms, so yes, Imperial Guard has the same thing than PDF at this level.
About the speed of ships, well, in many books it doesn't take very long to move in system and we speak more in days than weeks.
Ahm. You know there is Russian joke - "samurai without a sword is same with samurai with a sword but without a sword". Imperial Guard regiments can't be created as combined (and that's why you need to combine regiments, solve logistical problems, ensure officer communications and so on. That was done specially to prevent any one colonel to command full-scale force. Of course. But PDF is free from that limitation. There can be one officer who control full PDF forces, including artillery and aviation.
Imperial Guard regiment also have commisars who are outside common line of command and have supreme supervising power, and PDF is free from this limitation also.
Imperial Guard regiment also have strict LoC with subsectoral and sectoral command, and PDF haven't, Imperial Governor is their last authority.
So PDF controlled more loosely that IG. Maybe it's strange, maybe it's because Gilliman never looks at PDF as something worthy of note, maybe it's because common IG squadron have better training or better equipment, but you can't say "even IG haven't it so PDF should not have it too". PDF have some rights IG haven't.