I really don't think its meant to cap modifiers, just the starting value itself. It leads to weird issues like at what point in applying modifiers does it cap. Based on the "Apply Modifier" step under "The Core Mechanic" it would seem that the bonuses and penalties should all be added together at once canceling out before the value is capped but that leads to odd situations where you might as well try something with higher difficulty when wearing armor since the test is capped anyway. Also If you view it as modifiers actually changing the characteristic value that creates other oddities such as changing your characteristic bonus for specific tests. For example if you dodge a blast weapon and have +20 to dodge, if that +20 is changing your agility characteristic and not just modifying the test then you would briefly have 2 higher movement and could clear a larger blast radius. A reading of modifiers like this really does some wacky stuff to first aid tests too considering Int bonus matters and bonuses can pile up quickly. If a reading of a rule causes others to fall apart you're probably poking at it too hard.
I believe modifiers are specifically to the test not to the characteristic. If you read page 22 under "determine modifiers" it actually refers to Characteristic + final modifier as the "target value". This is specifically stated to be able to go above 100 or below 0 even though characteristics are always between 100 and 0 differentiating "target value" from the characteristic itself. So I would say armor caps Agility at the "Determine Value" step then modifiers are added to that capped value to get the "target value" which is not capped by the armor.
In terms of how useful the feudal world ability is, it definitely makes feudal world plate and chainmail better. I also think its worth keeping in mind that the game does give the option of starting stats of 25+2d10. With these slightly higher starting stats the agility cap is more likely to have an effect especially at higher levels. In the group I'm in we have an arbitrator assassin who has to decide whether to wear his carapace armor or not as it drops his agility down from in the 50s to 45 lowering his movement and making his tests somewhat worse.