Is it possible to mix planetary landings and probings on different worlds of a multiplanet system? The rules say you can't land on a world you probed that turn, but what if you only probe some worlds, leaving the others to land on blind, but right away?

For example, I enter the Starpoint/New Albion system with a carrier that due to previous losses has two fighters and only one GF. I want to send the GF down to Starpoint to claim the higher resource world first, can I also probe New Albion on the same turn to get a preview of what is to come?

I don't see why not. As long as you aren't landing on the planet you are probing, I don't see why that would be a problem.