I'm still a TI noob, I've played 4 games now. At first I didn't really think they were especially great. This last game I was able to take control of Mecatol Rex early, along with an ajacent double-planet system. I set up a laser grid there with 2 PDS on Mecatol Rex, and 4 in the adjacent system, quickly teching up to Deep Space Cannons, and later Magean Defense Grid and Graviton Laser Systems.
Unfortunately for me, my secret objective had nothing to do with Mecatol Rex, and I was unable to complete it. However, it still stopped the other two players from completing their secret objectives (I had other forces on Rex too, of course), and gave me some control of the center of the galaxy.
But that was just one game. How do PDS preform in general? What's the best way to use them?